2019年中国人民警察大学考研大纲 维和学方向 《维和学综合》

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2019年维和学方向
《维和学综合》科目考试大纲





目   录




I．考查目标•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1
II．考试形式和试卷结构••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1
III．考查内容•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2
IV．参考试卷•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8
V．参考答案•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8
VI．参考书目••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••10







I．考查目标
一、基本要求
维和学综合科目以“An Introduction to the United Nations Peace Operations”、“Principles and Guidelines for UN Peacekeeping Operations”为考查重点，要求在已有关于联合国基本常识认知的基础上，了解联合国的基本职能，准确领会联合国维和行动的原则与指导方针、联合国维和行动安全方面的具体知识，具备结合现有知识技能，进行战略设计、行动指挥和战术构建的能力。
二、具体内容
需要认知和掌握的内容包括联合国的基本职能及实现的途径、联合国在国际和平与安全领域的主要贡献、联合国和平行动主要内容（任务构成）及其发展演变解读、联合国实施维和行动的主要方式和基本流程、维和行动中应该完成的主要任务、联合国维和行动的框架构成与职能演变、有效实施维和行动应该遵守的基本原则、联合国维和行动的规划与部署、维和任务区的建立与规划管理、维和任务的移交与撤离等问题。

II．考试形式和试卷结构
一、试卷满分及考试时间
试卷满分150分，考试时间180分钟
二、答题方式及语言
答题方式为闭卷，笔试；使用英语答题。
三、试卷内容结构
1. An Introduction to the United Nations Peace Operations.100分
2. Principles and Guidelines for UN Peacekeeping Operations.50分
四、试卷题型结构
1.概念题，共8题，总分40分
2.简答题，共4题，总分60分
3.论述题，共2题，总分50分


III．考查内容
一、An Introduction to the United Nations Peace Operations
　　Overview of the United Nations
1．The Main Functions of the United Nations
1.1  Maintain International Peace and Security
1.1.1 Security Council
1.1.2 General Assembly
1.1.3 Preventive Diplomacy and Mediation
1.1.4 Peacekeeping
1.1.5 Peacebuilding
1.1.6 Countering Terrorism
1.1.7 Disarmament
1.2  Promote Sustainable Development
1.2.1 A Sustainable Development Agenda
1.2.2 The Millennium Development Goals
1.2.3 Climate Change
1.2.4 Disaster Risk Reduction
1.2.5 Gender equality and empowering women and girls
1.2.6 What are the main UN offices and programmes working on development
1.2.7 What UN bodies work to promote development
1.3  Protect Human Rights
1.3.1 High Commissioner for Human Rights
1.3.2 Human Rights Council
1.3.3 Special Procedures
1.3.4 What legal instruments help the UN protect human rights
1.3.5 Democracy
1.3.6 Security Council
1.3.7 Third Committee of the General Assembly
1.3.8 Various Other UN Bodies
1.3.9 Secretary-General
1.3.10 UN Peace Operations
1.3.11 Commission on the Status of Women
1.4  Uphold International Law
1.4.1 International Court of Justice
1.4.2 Courts and Tribunals
1.4.3 What Is International Law
1.4.4 The Security Council and International Law
1.4.5 The General Assembly and International Law
1.4.6 General Assembly - Sixth Committee (Legal)
1.4.7 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
1.4.8 The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
1.4.9 UN Treaty Database
1.4.10 The Internal Justice System at the United Nations
1.4.11 Legal Resources and Training
1.4.12 Programme of Assistance for International Law
1.5  Deliver Humanitarian Aid
1.5.1 OCHA and the UN system
1.5.2 What key UN entities deliver humanitarian aid
1.5.3 Helping refugees
1.5.4 Helping Children
1.5.5 Feeding the Hungry
1.5.6 Healing the Sick
2．Maintain International Peace and Security
2.1  Preventive Diplomacy and Mediation
2.1.1 Preventive Diplomacy
2.1.2 Mediation
2.1.3 Peacemaking
2.1.4 Political Missions and Good Offices Engagements
2.1.5 Investigative Mandates and Fact-Finding Missions
2.1.6 Peace and Development Advisers and Liaison Offices
2.2  Peacekeeping
2.2.1 Military
2.2.2 Police
2.2.3 Civil affairs
2.2.4 Rule of law
2.2.5 Electoral assistance
2.2.6 Security Sector Reform
2.2.7 Mine Action
2.2.8 Gender and peacekeeping
2.2.9 Field support
2.2.10 Conduct and discipline
2.2.11 Protection of civilians
2.2.12 Environment and sustainability
2.2.13 Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
2.2.14 Children in conflict
2.2.15 Human rights
2.2.16 Resources
2.3  Peacebuilding
2.3.1 The Peacebuilding Commission (PBC)
2.3.2 Peacebuilding Fund
2.3.3 The PBF and Gender Equality
2.3.4 Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO)
2.4 Countering Terrorism
2.4.1 United Nations General Assembly Adopts Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
2.4.2 Resolution: The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
2.4.3 Plan of Action
2.4.4 Measures to address the conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism
2.4.5 Measures to prevent and combat terrorism
2.4.6 Measures to build States' capacity
2.4.7 Measures to ensure respect for human rights
2.5  Disarmament
2.5.1 Disarmament Issues
2.5.2 Disarmament in the General Assembly
2.5.3 Disarmament in the Security Council
2.5.4 United Nations Disarmament Commission
2.5.5 Conference on Disarmament
2.5.6 Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters
2.5.7 The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
2.5.8 The United Nations Programme of Fellowships on Disarmament
2.5.9 UNODA Offices Away from Headquarters
2.5.10 Databases
3．Peacekeeping operations
3.1 What is peacekeeping
3.1.1 Peace and security
3.1.2 History of peacekeeping
3.1.3 Reform of peacekeeping
3.1.4 Role of the General Assembly
3.1.5 Role of the Security Council
3.1.6 Forming a new operation
3.1.7 Peacekeepers Day
3.1.8 Principles of UN peacekeeping
3.1.9 Success in peacekeeping
3.1.10 Mandates and the legal basis for peacekeeping
3.1.11 Partnerships
3.1.12 United Nations Medals
3.1.13 Dag Hammarskjöld and UN Peacekeeping
3.2  Current peacekeeping operations
3.2.1 Peacekeeping Fact Sheet
3.2.2 Current operations
3.3  Past peacekeeping operations
3.3.1 Africa
3.3.2 Americas
3.3.3 Asia and the Pacific
3.3.4 Europe
3.3.5 Middle East
3.4  Forming a new operation
3.4.1 Initial consultation
3.4.2 Technical field assessment
3.4.3 Security Council resolution
3.4.4 Appointment of senior officials
3.4.5 Planning and deployment
3.4.6 Deployment
3.4.7 Who provides peacekeepers
3.4.8 Reporting to the Security Council
3.5  Financing peacekeeping
3.5.1 How much does peacekeeping cost
3.5.2 How are resources budgeted
3.5.3 How are peacekeepers compensated

二、Principles and Guidelines for UN Peacekeeping Operations
1．The Normative Framework for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
1.1 The Charter of the United Nations
1.2 Human Rights
1.3 International Humanitarian Law
1.4 Security Council Mandates
2．The Developing Role of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
2.1 The Spectrum of Peace and Security Activities
2.2 Linkages and Grey Areas
2.3 The Core Business of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
2.4 Peacebuilding Activities
2.5 Supporting Other Actors
3．The Basic Principle for United Nations Peacekeeping
3.1 Applying the Basic Principles of United Nations Peacekeeping
3.2 Other Success Factors
4．Deciding to Deploy a United Nations Peacekeeping Operation
4.1 Assessing the Options for United Nations Engagement
4.2 Key Lessons for Planners and Decision Makers
4.3 The Importance of Consultations with Contributing Countries
5．Planning a United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
5.1 The Integrated Approach
5.2 The Integrated Mission Planning Process (IMPP)
6．Deployment and Start-up of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
6.1 Typical Phases of Deployment
6.2 The Mission Start-Up Process
6.3 Managing the Mission Start-Up Process
7．Managing United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
7.1 The Relationship between Headquarters and the Field
7.2 The Challenge of Mission Integration and Coordination
8．Supporting and Sustaining United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
8.1 United Nations Logistics and Administration
8.2 Human Resource Management
8.3 Security of Personnel
9．Maintaining Support for the Mission
9.1 Managing Mission Impact
9.2 Communications and Outreach
10．Transition and Exit
10.1 Partnerships and Transition Planning
10.2 Hand-Over and Withdrawal
IV．参考试卷
一、概念题（共8题，总分40分）
例1. Main functions of the United Nations.
二、简答题（共4题，总分60分）
例1. Who is the Designated Official and how does he function?
三、论述题（共2题，总分50分）
例1. How does a new operation come into being?

V．参考答案
一、概念题（共8题，总分40分）
例1. Main functions of the United Nations..
The possible answer:
United Nations function in five fields: Maintain International Peace and Security, （1′） Promote Sustainable Development, （1′） Protect Human Rights, （1′） Uphold International Law, （1′） Deliver Humanitarian Aid. （1′）
二、简答题（共4题，总分60分）
例1. Who is the Designated Official and how does he function?
The possible answer.
In each country, the Designated Official is the person responsible for the security management arrangements of the United Nations system. （5′）
The Designated Official, acting in consultation with the Security Management Team and other senior officials of United Nations organizations in the country. （5′）
He will maintain liaison with the government of the host country on matters concerning the security and protection of the organizations’ staff members, their spouses and their eligible dependants. （5′）
三、论述题（共2题，总分50分）
例1. How does a new operation come into being?
The possible answer.
The Security Council determines the deployment of a new UN Peacekeeping operation, and a number of steps have to happen before that decision is reached. （2′）
Firstly, it needs initial consultation. As a conflict develops, worsens, or approaches resolution, the UN is frequently involved in a number of consultations to determine the best response by the international community. These consultations would likely involve: All relevant United Nations actors; The potential host government and the parties on the ground; Member States, including States that might contribute troops and police to a peacekeeping operation; Regional and other intergovernmental organizations; Other relevant key external partners. During this initial phase the UN Secretary-General may request a strategic assessment to identify all possible options for UN engagement. （4′）
Secondly, it needs technical field assessment. As soon as security conditions permit, the Secretariat usually deploys a technical assessment mission to the country or territory where the deployment of a UN Peacekeeping operation is envisaged. The assessment mission analyzes and assesses the overall security, political, military, humanitarian and human rights situation on the ground, and its implications for a possible operation. Based on the findings and recommendations of the assessment mission, the UN Secretary-General will issue a report to the Security Council. This report will present options for the establishment of a peacekeeping operation as appropriate including its size and resources. The report will also include financial implications and statement of preliminary estimated costs. （4′）
Thirdly, the Security Council resolution should reach an agreement. If the Security Council determines that deploying a UN Peacekeeping operation is the most appropriate step to take, it will formally authorize this by adopting a resolution. The resolution sets out the operation’s mandate and size, and details the tasks it will be responsible for performing. The budget and resources are then subject to General Assembly approval. （4′）
Fourthly, the Secretary-General will have to appoint some senior officials. The Secretary-General normally appoints a Head of Mission (usually a Special Representative) to direct the peacekeeping operation. The Head of Mission reports to the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations at the UN Headquarters. The Secretary-General also appoints a peacekeeping operation’s Force Commander and Police Commissioner, and senior civilian staff. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Department of Field Support (DFS) are then responsible for staffing the civilian components of a peacekeeping operation. （3′）
Fifthly, it needs careful planning and deployment. In the meantime, the Head of Mission and DPKO-DFS lead the planning for the political, military, operational and support (i.e., logistics and administration) aspects of the peacekeeping operation. The planning phase usually involves the establishment of a Headquarters-based joint working group or integrated mission task force, with participation of all relevant UN departments, funds and programmes. （4′）
And the last step is to deploy the peacekeepers. Deployment of an operation proceeds then as quickly as possible, taking into account the security and political conditions on the ground. It often starts with an advance team to establish mission headquarters and leads to a gradual build-up to encompass all components and regions, as required by the mandate. （4′）

VI．参考书目
一、An Introduction to the United Nations Peace Operations. Compiled by the Teaching and Research Section. China Peacekeeping Police Training Center. April 2016.
二、Principles and Guidelines for UN Peacekeeping Operations. Harvey J. Langholtz edited. Peace Operations Training Institute. October 2010