2019年中国人民警察大学考研大纲 维和学方向 《维和学基础》

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I．考查目标

一、基本要求
维和学基础科目以“Core Pre-deployment Training Materials”（《部署前核心培训材料》）为考查重点，要求在已有关于联合国维和行动初步常识的基础上，了解开展维和行动中需要具备的基本条件和技能，准确领会联合国以往维和行动中存在的问题，具备洞察联合国和平行动未来的发展变化趋势及面临风险的能力，并能够从宏观层面进行应对措施设计。
二、具体内容
需要认知和掌握的内容包括冲突和平行动、维护和平的主要措施、不同类型的维和行动、开展和平行动应该遵循的原则及相关事项、安理会授权及和平行动的实施框架、联合国维和行动发挥作用的方式、与维和行动相关的国际法、维和行动中的人权保护、妇女和平与安全、保护儿童、与任务区同行精诚合作、遂行维和任务应遵守的纪律、性剥削与性虐待、胡乱作为的后果、维和人员与各种疾病的预防和控制、和平行动安全保障与尊重多样性等内容。

II．考试形式和试卷结构

一、试卷满分及考试时间
试卷满分150分，考试时间180分钟
二、答题方式及语言
答题方式为闭卷，笔试；使用英语答题。
三、试卷内容结构
Core Pre-deployment Training Materials，150分
四、试卷题型结构
1.概念题，共8题，总分40分
2.简答题，共4题，总分60分
3.论述题，共2题，总分50分
III．考查内容
Core Pre-deployment Training Materials
1．INTRODUCTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING
1.1．The Purpose of the United Nations
1.2．The Main United Nations Bodies Involved in Peacekeeping
1.3．Secretariat Departments Directly Working with PKOs
2．THE SPECTRUM OF PEACE AND SECURITY ACTIVITIES
2.1．Conflict Prevention
2.2．Peacemaking
2.3．Peace Enforcement
2.4．Peacekeeping
2.5．Peacebuilding
3．DIFFERENT TYPES OF UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
3.1．Traditional Peacekeeping
3.2．Multidimensional Peacekeeping
3.3．Transitional Authority
3.4．Special Political Missions
4．FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
4.1．Consent
4.2．Impartiality
4.3．Non-use of Force
5．OTHER SUCCESS FACTORS
5.1．Credibility
5.2．Legitimacy
5.3．Promotion of National and Local Ownership
5.4．The Essential Qualities of a Peacekeeper
6．THE MANDATE
6.1　The Security Council Mandate
6.2　The Decision to Deploy a UN Peacekeeping Operation
6.3　The Process for the Establishment and Operationalization of Security Council Mandates
7．IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANDATE, TRANSITION, AND WITHDRAWAL
7.1　Implementing the Mandate
7.2　Transition and Withdrawal
7.3　Benchmarks
8．TRANSLATING SECURITY COUNCIL MANDATES INTO AN OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
8.1　Key Aspects of the Operational Framework
8.2　Key Operational Documents
8.3　Additional Documents
9．COMPONENTS OF A UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATION
9.1　Substantive and Support Components
9.2　Authority, Command, and Control
9.3　Management Structures
10．UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANT WORK OF OTHER SUBSTANTIVE COMPONENTS
10.1　The Military Component
10.2　The Police Component
10.3　The Civilian Component
11．INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
11.1　Whom International Humanitarian Law Protects
11.2　Essential Rules of International Humanitarian Law
11.3　Who is Bound by International Humanitarian Law
12．INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
12.1　Definition of Human Rights
12.2　Human Rights Most Frequently at Risk in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations
12.3　Application of International Human Rights Law
12.4　Refugee Law and Guiding Principles on Internally Displaced Persons
13．THE HUMAN RIGHTS BASE LINE
13.1　Linkages Between Human Rights, Security, and Development
13.2　UN Policy on Human Rights in Integrated Missions
13.3　Applying Human Rights in Peacekeeping
14．HUMAN RIGHTS IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
14.1　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do
14.2　Human Rights Roles in the Context of Peacekeeping Operations
14.3　Other Mission Components Contributing to Human Rights
14.4　UN Police and Human Rights
14.5　Military Peacekeepers and Human Rights
15．THE ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN
15.1　Exploring the Roles of Men and Women
15.2　The Impact of Conflict on Men and Women
16．WHAT PEACEKEEPING PERSONNEL CAN DO
16.1　Changes in Responsibilities
16.2　Reintegration of Combatants
16.3　Displacement
16.4　Violence Against Civilians and Sexual Violence
16.5　Collapse of Law and Order
16.6　Collapse of Public Services and Infrastructure
17．PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
17.1　All Children Have Human Rights
17.2　The Protection of Children Under International Human Rights Law
17.3　The Impact of Conflict on Children
17.4　Child Soldiers in Armed Conflict
17.5　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do
18．THE INTEGRATED APPROACH IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL PEACEKEEPING
18.1　Mission Partners
18.2　Benefits of Cooperation with the UN Country Team
18.3　The Integrated Approach and Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations
18.4　National Partners
19．HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION
19.1　International and Regional Non-UN Partners
19.2　Collaboration with the Humanitarian Community
19.3　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do
20．INTRODUCTION TO CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE
20.1　Standards of Conduct
20.2　Definitions of Misconduct
20.3　Reporting Misconduct
20.4　Leadership and Accountability on Conduct
21．SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE (SEA)
21.1　Definitions of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)
21.2　Uniform Standards on SEA
21.3　Examples and Misconduct Scenarios
22．THE CONSEQUENCES OF MISCONDUCT
22.1　Consequences of Misconduct
23.2　Measures and Mechanisms to Address Misconduct
24．AWARENESS AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS
24.1　Definitions
24.2　How HIV/AIDS is Spread
24.3　Prevention
25． INTRODUCTION TO RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY
25.1　What is Diversity
25.2　UN Core Values on Respect for Diversity
25.3　Common Differences and Practicing Respect
26．SECURITY MANAGEMENT
26.1　Legal Basis
26.2　Peacekeeping Security Management..
26.3　The Security Level System
26.4　Role of Military and Civilian Police
27．SAFETY MANAGEMENT
27.1　Key Aspects of Safety
27.2　Road Safety
27.3　DPKO Safety Council
28． HEALTH
28.1　Personal Hygiene and Food Hygiene
28.2　Access to Health Information Prior to Deployment
29．FIRST AID
29.1　Safety Fundamentals
29.2　Basis for Successful First Aid
29.3　Sustainment Phase
30．STRESS MANAGEMENT
30.1　What is Stress and Stress Management
30.2　Types of Stress
30.3　Preparing for Stress

IV．参考试卷

一、概念题（共8题，总分40分）
例1.The basic guiding peacekeeping principles.
二、简答题（共4题，总分60分）
例1. What is peacekeeping?
三、论述题（共2题，总分50分）
例1. How do you think of the UN peacekeeping?
V．参考答案

一、概念题（共8题，总分40分）
例1.The basic guiding peacekeeping principles.
The possible answer:
UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: （1′） Consent of the parties; （1′） Impartiality; （1′） Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. （2′）
二、简答题（共4题，总分60分）
例1. What is peacekeeping?
The possible answer.
United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace. （3′）
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.  （3′）
Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates. （5′）
UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. （4′）
三、论述题（共2题，总分50分）
例1. How do you think of the UN peacekeeping?
The possible answer.
United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace. （2′）
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.  （2′）
Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates. （3′）
UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. （3′）
UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties; Impartiality; Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. (3′)
Peacekeeping is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many configurations. There are currently 16 UN peacekeeping operations deployed on four continents. （3′）
Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law. （3′）
Success is never guaranteed, because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, we have built up a demonstrable record of success over our 60 years of existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize. （3′）
Peacekeeping has always been highly dynamic and has evolved in the face of new challenges. Recently, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon established a 17-member High-level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations to make a comprehensive assessment of the state of UN peace operations today, and the emerging needs of the future. （3′）

VI．参考书目

Core Pre-deployment Training Materials [First edition]. Harvey J. Langholtz, Ph.D. Peace Operations Training Institute. March 2014